Software

This week we have learned about the other component of the computer which is software. Software is an intangible part of a computer that tells what a computer supposed to carry out and how to do it. It is a collection of computer programs together with the related data. Software is divided into three categories which is system software, application software and programming language. Software layer consisted of application program, operating system, device drivers, and system software. One of the type of system software is operating system(OS). It is the most important software in all computer systems. The OS sometimes called a platform program. Stand-alone OS, Server OS, and Embedded OS is the type of Operating System.

As you know, what is the categories of software?
it divide into three categories such as
(1) system software(controls and maintains the operations of computer and its devices)
(2) application software(makes users more productive and assists them with their tasks)
(3) programming language( programmers to communicate instructions to a computer)

Software layers
it has computer user, application, operating system, device drivers, system software and also computer hardware. it process step by step.

Application program
it is uppermost software layer and it is designed to specific functions, include word processor, database program, web browsers and so on.
Operating system
it is the most important part,it receives the order from application program, manage both software and hardware. it can control and allocation of memory and also responsibilities for the security. it can prevent unauthorized users from accessing such as multiple users, multiple requests for the same resource and access control.
Device drivers 
it is very low level instruction to a device and provide interface or communication direct fro hardware and allows OS to access hardware resources. the drivers are hardware dependent and OS-specific.

System software
it is involved in the Basic Input Output System(BIOS) and provide small library of BIOS function used to operate and control the peripheral devices. It support high level applications and contains common tools that hide the operating system form applications.
it has different types such as

• Operating system is a program that coordinates all the activities among computer hardware resources and the types of operating system are stand-alone OS(windows, DOS), server OS(windows NT, Net-Ware) and the embedded OS(windows CE, blackberry, Google android).
• Utility programs is a program that allows a user to perform maintenance-type tasks concern the computer itself, its devices and its programs and most users buy additional program to improve functions like files manage, search, view, disk-clean up, back up, burn etc.

I gained some information about standard software packages. Let’s me share my knowledge.

Do you know what application software is?

It consists of programs designed to make users more productive. And primary function is to apply the power of the computer to do individuals or workgroup, enterprise ability to solve the problems and preform specific tasks. 

Personal application software

It serves for the needs of individual user and includes personal productivity software (enable users to improve their personal effectiveness); software suite (a collection of signal application programs) and integrated application packages (offer a range of capabilities).

Workgroup application software

It support for a teamwork and software that helps groups of people work together more effectively and efficiently.

Enterprise application software

This software that benefits an entire organization and enterprise resource planning (ERP) is a set of integrated programs that manage global organization.

The categories of application software 

•    Commercial software (sell for profit)
•    Shareware (distribute for free for trial period)
•     Freeware ( provide with free of charge)
•    Public domain software ( donate for public use)

They are also called open source software. It means the software freely available to anyone in a form.

 

 

 

 

Programming Language.
Programming Language (PL) is a set of word, abbreviations and symbols that enables a programmer to communicate instructions to a computer. There are two type of programming language; Low-Level Language and High-Level Language. 

The first generation of PL is Machine Language, the second generation languages is Assembly Language, the third generation languages is Procedural Languages, the fourth generation languages is Non-Procedural Languages and last but not least is the fifth generation languages which are an issue of debate in the programming community since some programmers cannot agree that they even exist.

ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ